This
notice is provided to you in compliance with the
rules of the FSA. If you are a private customer, you
are afforded greater protection under these rules
than other customers are and you should ensure that
your firm tells you what these are.
This
notice cannot disclose all the risks and other
significant aspects of warrants and/or derivative
products such as futures, options, and contracts for
differences.
You
should not deal in derivatives unless you understand
the nature of the contract you are entering into and
the extent of your exposure to risk. You should also
be satisfied that the contract is suitable for you
in the light of your circumstances and financial
position.
Certain
strategies, such as 'spread' position or a
'straddle', may be as risky as a simple 'long' or
'short' position.
Whilst
derivative instruments can be utilised for the
management of investment risk, some investments are
unsuitable for many investors. Different instruments
involve different levels of exposure to risk and in
deciding whether to trade in such instruments you
should be aware of the following points.
A warrant
is a right to subscribe for shares, debentures, loan
stock or government securities and is exercisable
against the original issuer of the securities.
Warrants
often involve a high degree of gearing, so that a
relatively small movement in the price of the
underlying security results in a disproportionately
large movement, unfavourable or favourable, in the
price of the warrant. The prices of warrants can
therefore be volatile.
You
should not buy a warrant unless you are prepared to
sustain a total loss of the money you have invested
plus any commission or other transaction charges.
Some
other instruments are also called warrants but are
actually options (for example, a right to acquire
securities which is exercisable against someone
other than the original issuer of the securities,
often called a 'covered warrant').
Transactions in off-exchange warrants may involve
greater risk than dealing in exchange traded
warrants because there is no exchange market through
which to liquidate your position, to assess the
value of the warrant or the exposure to risk.
Bid and
offer prices need not be quoted, and even where they
are, they will be established by dealers in these
instruments and consequently it may be difficult to
establish what is a fair price.
Your firm
must make it clear to you if you are entering into
an off-exchange transaction and advise you of any
risks involved.
Transactions in futures involve the obligation to
make, or to take, delivery of the underlying asset
of the contract at a future date, or in some cases
to settle the position with cash.
They
carry a high degree of risk. The 'gearing' or
'leverage' often obtainable in futures trading means
that a small deposit or down payment can lead to
large losses as well as gains.
It also
means that a relatively small movement can lead to a
proportionately much larger movement in the value of
your investment, and this can work against you as
well as for you.
Futures
transactions have a contingent liability, and you
should be aware of the implications of this, in
particular the margining requirements, which are set
out in paragraph (8) below.
There are
many different types of options with different
characteristics subject to the following conditions.
Buying
options: Buying options involves less risk than
selling options because, if the price of the
underlying asset moves against you, you can simply
allow the option to lapse.
The
maximum loss is limited to the premium, plus any
commission or other transaction charges. However, if
you buy a call option on a futures contract and you
later exercise the option, you will acquire the
future. This will expose you to the risks described
under 'futures' and 'contingent liability
transactions'.
Writing
options: If you write an option, the risk involved
in considerably greater than buying options. You may
be liable for margin to maintain your position and a
loss may be sustained well in excess of the premium
received.
By
writing an option, you accept a legal obligation to
purchase or sell the underlying asset if the option
is exercised against you, however far the market
price has moved away from the exercise price.
If you
already own the underlying asset which you have
contracted to sell (known as 'covered call options')
the risk is reduced. If you do not own the
underlying asset (known as 'uncovered call options')
the risk can be unlimited.
Only
experienced persons should contemplate writing
uncovered options, and then only after securing full
details of the applicable conditions and potential
risk exposure.
Traditional options: Certain London Stock Exchange
firms under special exchange rules write a
particular type of option called a 'traditional
option'. These may involve greater risk than other
options.
Two way
prices are not usually quoted and there is no
exchange market on which to close out an open
position or to effect an equal and opposite
transaction to reverse an open position. It may be
difficult to assess its value or for the seller of
such an option to manage his exposure to risk.
Certain
options markets operate on a margined basis, under
which buyers do not pay the full premium on their
option at the time they purchase it. In this
situation you may subsequently be called upon to pay
margin on the option up to the level of your
premium.
If you
fail to do so as required, your position may be
closed or liquidated in the same way as a futures
position.
Futures
and options contracts can also be referred to as a
contract for differences. These can be options and
futures on the FTSE 100 index or any other index, as
well as currency and interest rate swaps. However,
unlike other futures and options, these contracts
can only be settled in cash.
Investing
in a contract for differences carries the same risks
as investing in a future or an option and you should
be aware of these as set out in paragraphs (3) and
(4) respectively.
Transactions in contracts for differences may also
have a contingent liability and you should be aware
of the implications of this as set out in paragraph
(8) below.
It may
not always be apparent whether or not a particular
derivative is effected on exchange or in an off
exchange derivative transaction. Your firm must make
it clear to you if you are entering into an off
exchange derivative transaction.
While
some off-exchange markets are highly liquid,
transactions in off-exchange or 'non transferable'
derivatives may involve greater risk than investing
in on-exchange derivatives because there is no
exchange market on which to close out an open
position.
It may be
impossible to liquidate an existing position, to
asses the value of the position arising from an
off-exchange transaction or to assess the exposure
to risk. Bid and offer prices need not be quoted and
even where they are, they will be established by
dealers in these instruments and consequently it may
be difficult to establish what is a fair price.
Foreign
markets will involve different risks from the UK
markets. In some cases the risks will be greater. On
request, your firm must provide an explanation of
the relevant risks and protections (if any) which
will operate in any foreign markets, including the
extent to which he will accept liability for any
default of a foreign firm through whom he deals.
The
potential for profit or loss from transactions on
foreign markets or in foreign denominated contracts
will be affected by fluctuations in foreign exchange
rates.
Contingent liability transactions, which are
margined, require you to make a series of payments
against the purchase price, instead of paying the
whole purchase price immediately.
If you
trade in futures, contracts for differences or sell
options you may sustain a total loss of the margin
you deposit with your firm to establish or maintain
a position. If the market moves against you, you may
be called upon to pay substantial additional margin
at short notice to maintain the position.
If you
fail to do so within the time required, your
position may be liquidated at a loss and you will be
responsible for the resulting deficit.
Even if a
transaction is not margined, it may still carry an
obligation to make further payments in certain
circumstances over and above any amount paid when
you entered the contract.
Save as
specifically provided by the FSA, your firm may only
carry out margined or contingent liability
transactions with, or for you, if they are traded on
or under the rules of a recognised or designated
investment exchange. Contingent liability
transactions which are not so traded may expose you
to substantially greater risk.Risk
warning.htm
Before
entering into a limited liability transaction, you
should obtain from your firm with whom you are
dealing a formal written statement confirming that
the extent of your loss liability on each
transaction will be limited to an amount agreed by
you prior to entering into the transaction.
The
amount you can lose in limited liability
transactions will be less than in other margined
transactions, which have no predetermined loss
limit.
Nevertheless, even though the extent of loss will be
subject to the agreed limit, you may sustain the
loss in a relatively short time. Your loss may be
limited, but the risk of sustaining a total loss to
the amount agreed is substantial.
If you
deposit collateral as security with your firm, the
way in which it will be treated will vary according
to the type of transaction and where it is traded.
There
could be significant differences in the treatment of
your collateral depending on whether you are trading
on a recognised or designated investment exchange,
with the rules of that exchange (and the associated
clearing house) applying, or trading off exchange.
Deposited
collateral may lose its identity as your property
once deals on your behalf are undertaken. Even if
your dealings should ultimately prove profitable,
you may not get back the same assets, which you
deposited and may have to accept payment in cash.
You should ascertain from your firm how your
collateral will be dealt with.
Before
you begin to trade, you should obtain details of all
commissions and other charges for which you will be
liable. If any charges are not expressed in money
terms (but, for example, as a percentage of contract
value), you should obtain a clear and written
explanation, including appropriate examples, to
establish what such charges are likely to mean in
specific money terms.
In the
case of futures, when commission is charged as a
percentage, it will normally be as a percentage of
the total contract value, and not simply as a
percentage of your initial payment.
Under
certain trading conditions it may be difficult or
impossible to liquidate a position. This may occur,
for example, at times of rapid price movement if the
price rises or falls in one trading session to such
an extent that under the rules of the relevant
exchange trading is suspended or restricted.
Placing a
stop-loss order will not necessarily limit your
losses to the intended amounts, because market
conditions may make it impossible to execute such an
order at the stipulated price.
On many
exchanges, the performance of a transaction by your
firm (or third party with whom he is dealing on your
behalf) is 'guaranteed' by the exchange or clearing
house.
However,
this guarantee is unlikely in most circumstances to
cover you, the customer, and may not protect you if
your firm or another party defaults on its
obligations to you.
On
request, your firm must explain any protection
provided to you under the clearing guarantee
applicable to any on-exchange derivatives in which
you are dealing.
There is
no clearing house for traditional options, nor
normally for off-exchange instruments which are not
traded under the rules of a recognised or designated
investment exchange.
Your
firm's insolvency or default, or that of any other
brokers involved with your transaction, may lead to
positions being liquidated or closed out without
your consent.
In
certain circumstances, you may not get back the
actual assets which you lodged as collateral and you
may have to accept any available payments in cash.
On
request, your firm must provide an explanation of
the extent to which he will accept liability for any
insolvency of, or default by, other firms involved
with your transactions.
15. US
residents and other persons in the United States
In
accordance with the US Commodity Exchange Act (CEA),
please be advised that IFX Markets Ltd is legally
unable to effect certain transactions on behalf of
any persons located in the United States.
Consequently, in compliance with the requirements of
the CEA, pleased be advised that, with respect of
any person located in the United States, IFX Markets
Ltd does not and will not engage in the offer and/or
sale of any contract or transaction in respect of
any commodity for future delivery.
This
includes (but is not limited to) contracts made on
any US exchange, on any foreign exchange, or on any
foreign board of trade, including (but not limited
to) contracts or transactions in respect of any
Contracts for Differences (CFDs) on equities or
stock indices.
If you
require further information please contact the
compliance department on +44 (0)20 7890 8990 or at
compliance@IFXmarkets.com.
What is Forex ?Forex, or Foreign Exchange, is the
simultaneous exchange of one country's currency for that of
another. Speculators in the FX market wish to purchase or sell
one currency for another with the hope of making a profit when
the value of the currencies changes in favor of the investor
Why trade
forex?Over the last three decades the foreign
exchange market has become the world's largest financial market.
With over $1.8 trillion USD traded daily, it is more than three
times the aggregate amount of the US equity and treasury markets
combined.
The Basics of
Currency Trading n the Foreign Exchange market, currencies are
traded in pairs. For instance, a speculator may trade the Euro
versus the US Dollar, EUR/USD, or the US Dollar versus the
Japanese Yen, USD/JPY. The base currency is the term for the
first currency in the pair.